ADHD in children: Here’s what parents should know, from symptoms to treatment

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects many children across the world. Statistics reported by various studies suggest its emergence as quite a common neurological developmental disorder among kids, adolescents and even adults.

According to a 2019 review article published in the ‘Indian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing’, the “prevalence of ADHD among children in India is consistent with the worldwide prevalence”. It is, therefore, important we understand the symptoms of ADHD and how it can be tackled.

“ADHD is most childhood behavioural and neurocognitive condition characterised by developmentally inappropriate and impairing levels of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity,” Dr Varsha Ukrani, child psychiatrist, The Lifestyle Clinic, states.

ADHD usually begins in childhood although less than 40 per cent continue to meet the diagnostic criteria well into their teens. A pooled estimate of the worldwide prevalence of ADHD is 5.29 per cent, the psychiatrist mentions. “It is more common in boys than girls,” she adds.

What causes ADHD?

ADHD is likely to occur in case of genetic predisposition—if either of the parents or grandparents have the condition. It can also be caused due to neurochemical dysfunction, Dr Ukrani, whose son is a student of Apeejay Rhythms Kinderworld, GK, says.

Symptoms of ADHD

Dr Ukrani says parents should watch out for the following symptoms:

Inattention: Notice if your child gets distracted easily or is unable to follow simple instructions. Lack of persistence, inability to sustain focus, being disorganised, forgetfulness about routine activities, and careless errors are some of the common signs.

Hyperactivity: Children with ADHD may exhibit excessive motor activity and excessive fidgeting and can be hyperactive in the classroom or at home.

Impulsivity: Hasty actions or interrupting others in the middle of games or conversations should be taken note of.

Dr Ukrani further lists other behavioural disturbances in a child, which can be early signs of ADHD:

*Leaves games unfinished

*Unable to plan tasks

*Temper outbursts, mood lability, reactivity

*Frustration in social situations which can lead to verbal/physical aggression

However, parents need not be worried if they observe any of these symptoms in their children. “Instead, meet a psychiatrist or mental health professional for proper assessment of the child’s condition and the next course of action,” the psychiatrist advises.

How can ADHD be treated?

In most cases, children with ADHD symptoms can be treated with behaviour therapy or counselling. Medication is only reserved for cases of severe dysfunction. “Educating parents is the most important part of the treatment, so if you see any of the symptoms, kindly don’t refrain from consulting,” the doctor asserts. “At least see what as parents we can do to help our child grow better and happier. After all, every child is special in their own way.”