International Mountain Day 2024: How 5 tallest mountains were named

The human imagination has long been captivated by mountains, which stand tall as symbols of strength, resilience, and mystery. For International Mountain Day 2024, let’s take a journey to the world’s five tallest peaks and uncover the fascinating origins of their names. Each of these mountains tells a unique story, shaped by history, local culture, and myth.

1. Mount Everest (8,848.86 m)

As the world’s tallest mountain, Mt Everest stands as a testament to human perseverance and reverence. Named after Sir George Everest, a British surveyor and Surveyor General of India in the 19th century, it was later known by local names that reflect the spiritual and cultural significance it holds. In Nepali, it’s called Sagarmatha, meaning “Goddess of the Sky,” while in Tibetan, it’s known as Chomolungma, meaning “Mother Goddess of the World.” These names highlight the awe the mountain inspires in the hearts of the local communities.

2. K2 (8,611 m)

K2, is the second-highest peak in the world, was named by British surveyor T.G. Montgomerie during the Great Trigonometric Survey. The “K” refers to the Karakoram range, and the “2” simply signifies it as the second peak measured. Locally, K2 is called Chhogori, meaning “Big Mountain” in the Balti language, emphasising its imposing stature. It’s also known as Mount Godwin Austen for the peak’s first surveyor, H.H. Godwin Austen, a 19th-century English geographer.

3. Kangchenjunga (8,586 m)

The name Kangchenjunga comes from the Tibetan words Kang-chen-dzö-nga, which translates to “Five Treasures of the Snow.” This refers to the five prominent peaks of the mountain and the belief that they guard sacred treasures. Revered by both Nepali and Indian cultures, Kangchenjunga is considered one of the holiest mountains in the region. The local stories speak of divine protection and spiritual significance, further elevating the mountain’s revered status in the Himalayas.

4. Lhotse (8,516 m)

Lhotse, meaning “South Peak” in Tibetan, is directly connected to Mount Everest. It lies just to the south of Mt Everest, forming part of the Mt Everest massif. Though smaller than Mt Everest, Lhotse holds its own importance, particularly as a challenging destination for mountaineers. The name reflects its proximity to Mt Everest, yet Lhotse stands alone in its own right as a respected peak for climbers seeking a true test of their abilities.

5. Makalu (8,485 m)

Named after the Maha Kala (Big Black) deity, a form of Lord Shiva, Makalu is a solitary and majestic peak. Its name signifies the strength and mystery associated with the deity, while its distinct pyramidal shape and imposing height make it a coveted goal for climbers. Makalu is considered one of the most difficult mountains to ascend, challenging only the most experienced mountaineers.