Indian Constitution Day: Honouring the pillars of democracy

Popularly known as the Samvidhan Divas or Constitution Day, November 26 marks the most glorious day in India’s history. This significant occasion marks the adoption of a nation’s fundamental legal framework. It serves as a reminder of the values, principles, and rights that form the bedrock of a democratic society.

Let’s walk down memory lane and learn about the historical relevance of this day.

On November 26, 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution which is a comprehensive legal document that laid the framework for the nation’s governance. Dr BR Ambedkar, known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, played a pivotal role in its drafting. To start with, on 26 November, 1949 the Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the assembly and finally on 26 December, 1950, the Indian constitution came into force with 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts.

The Indian Constitution is paramount to the functioning of a just and orderly society. It provides the legal and ethical framework for the nation, ensuring the protection of individual rights, the establishment of democratic governance, and the pursuit of a collective vision for the common good.

So what forms the backbone of the Indian Constitution?

Fundamental rights and fundamental duties are the two major segments of the Indian Constitution.

The Fundamental rights are enshrined in Articles 12 to 35 contained in part III. They are as follows:

1.     The right to equality

2.     The right to freedom

3.     The right to freedom of religion

4.     The right against exploitation

5.     Cultural and educational rights

6.     The right to constitutional remedies

 The fundamental duties are the moral obligations supposed to be followed by all Indian citizens. Its prime purpose is to promote a spirit of patriotism and uphold the unity of India.

Part IV-A of the Constitution includes the fundamental duties which are as follows:

1. Abide by the Constitution and respect the National Flag and the National Anthem.

2. Follow the ideals of the freedom struggle.

3. Protect the sovereignty and integrity of India.

4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon.

5. Developing the spirit of common brotherhood.

6. Preserve the composite culture of the country.

In order to commemorate this day, a statue of Dr BR Ambedkar, the father of the modern constitution will be unveiled at the Supreme Court of India on November 26, 2023. The President of India, Droupadi Murmu will be present at the event as the chief guest to mark this historical day.

Another initiative taken by the University Grants Commission surrounding this occasion is that it has directed all the universities to plan activities like reading the Preamble, and webinars on constitutional values to spread awareness and knowledge about the same amongst the youth.

The Preamble to the Indian constitution reads as:

In today’s era, Constitution Day is more than a symbolic celebration. It is a time for reflection, education, and recommitment to the principles that form the foundation of a just and democratic society. By upholding and cherishing our Constitution, we contribute to the preservation and advancement of a society built on justice, equality, and the rule of law.