Iqbal Day celebrated on November 9, commemorates the birth anniversary of Dr Muhammad Iqbal, one of the most influential thinkers, philosophers, and poets of the 20th century. Known as the ‘Spiritual Father of Pakistan’, Iqbal’s ideas and visionary poetry have inspired millions across South Asia and beyond. His works emphasise self-discovery, spiritual elevation, and the role of Muslims in reshaping society.
The day is celebrated to highlight the importance of the Urdu language and to appreciate its popularity. Urdu is one of the most important languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent.
Born in Sialkot in 1877, Iqbal’s educational journey led him to some of the finest institutions of his time. After initial schooling in Pakistan, he pursued higher studies in philosophy at Government College Lahore, followed by further studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, and a law degree in London.
He later obtained a PhD from the University of Munich in Germany, where he studied under prominent thinkers of his era. Iqbal’s diverse educational experiences shaped his understanding of Western philosophy, which he merged with Islamic thought.
Literary Contributions
Iqbal is best known for his profound poetry, which primarily serves as a philosophical and spiritual guide. His poetry was a medium for expressing his ideals and reflections on the self, destiny, and the Muslim community. His major works include:
- Asrar-e-Khudi (The Secrets of the Self): This Persian poem explores the concept of Khudi (self-hood) and promotes the development of individuality and self-realisation, which he saw as essential to achieving greatness.
- Rumuz-e-Bekhudi (The Secrets of Selflessness): Serving as a continuation of Asrar-e-Khudi, this poem addresses the idea of community and selflessness, advocating for unity among Muslims and the creation of a collective identity.
- Bang-e-Dra (The Call of the Marching Bell): This is one of his most famous Urdu collections, in which he reflects on the social, political, and spiritual challenges facing the Muslim world.
- Bal-e-Jibril (Gabriel’s Wing): A masterpiece in Urdu poetry, this work delves into philosophical and spiritual themes, encouraging Muslims to pursue their highest potential and aspire to the divine.
- Zarb-e-Kalim (The Rod of Moses): Often regarded as his manifesto, this poetry collection critiques the socio-political conditions of his time and calls for a revival of Islamic values.
- Payam-e-Mashriq (Message of the East): Written as a response to Goethe’s West-Eastern Divan, this work aims to foster a cultural bridge between the East and the West, offering a vision of unity and cooperation.