Facing acne? Understand causes, precautions, and treatment

Acne is a common skin condition that affects many teenagers. It can have a significant impact on self-esteem and overall well-being during a crucial stage of development. Understanding the causes, taking necessary precautions, and seeking appropriate treatment can help teenagers effectively manage and overcome acne-related challenges. Let’s look at some valuable insights, including its causes, and treatment to prevent acne or pimples.

So what causes acne among teenagers?

a. Hormonal changes: During adolescence, hormonal fluctuations occur as part of the natural growth and development process. These hormonal changes stimulate the sebaceous glands, which are responsible for producing sebum (oil) in the skin, which can lead to clogged pores and the formation of acne.

b. Increased sebum production: Excessive sebum production can occur due to hormonal imbalances or sensitivity to hormonal changes. When sebum is produced in excess, it can mix with dead skin cells and block hair follicles, creating an environment for acne-causing bacteria to thrive.

c. Bacterial infection: Propionibacterium acnes, a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin, can contribute to acne development. When hair follicles become clogged with sebum and dead skin cells, this bacterium can multiply, causing inflammation and leading to acne breakouts.

d. Hereditary factors: Genetic predisposition can play a role in acne development. If parents or close relatives experienced acne during their teenage years, there is a higher chance of their child experiencing similar skin issues.

e. External factors: Environmental factors can also contribute to the severity of acne. Pollution, humidity, and exposure to certain irritants or chemicals can worsen acne symptoms by increasing inflammation and oil production.

As per Assistant Prof. Meenal Sandhu from the Department of Fashion Makeover at Apeejay College of Fine Arts (ACFA) in Jalandhar, “Teenage acne is a common skin condition, which comes with puberty, as a result of hormonal changes in the body. The condition fades out by the time we are out of our teens. But, with a good skincare routine and a healthy lifestyle, we can overcome this condition of the skin. A good skincare routine should be followed with skin cleansing with a mild wash, toning, moisturising, and using sunscreens. These products have to be non-comedogenic, and formulated in a way that they do not clog pores, prevent acne, and are free from artificial fragrances and harsh chemicals. Moreover, exfoliating the skin (once a week) can help to open pores, and remove dead skin.”

Precautions to minimise teenage acne

a. Proper skincare routine: A consistent skincare routine is crucial for managing teenage acne. It involves cleansing the face twice a day using a gentle cleanser. Avoid scrubbing too vigorously, as it can irritate the skin. Look for oil-free and non-comedogenic skincare products, specifically designed for acne-prone skin to prevent clogged pores and breakouts.

b. Avoid touching the face: Touching the face with dirty hands can transfer bacteria, dirt, and oils, exacerbating acne breakouts. Therefore, teenagers must avoid touching their face unnecessarily and to keep their hands clean.

c. Healthy diet: A balanced diet including a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins play a significant role in overall skin health. And, limiting the consumption of processed foods and sugary snacks can help prevent inflammation and breakouts.

d. Hydration: Staying hydrated is important for maintaining skin health. Drinking plenty of water helps flush out toxins from the body and keeps the skin hydrated.

e. Hair and makeup products: Choosing the right hair and makeup products is essential to prevent pore-clogging and acne breakouts. Opt for non-comedogenic products labeled as oil-free or
water-based. These products are less likely to clog pores and contribute to acne development. It is crucial to thoroughly cleanse the face before bed to remove any residue, including makeup, to allow the skin to breathe and regenerate overnight.

Adding further, Dr. Monika Anand, Head of the Department of Home Science at ACFA suggests, “In addition to considering both external and internal factors that contribute to acne, it is also important to highlight the significant role our diet plays in maintaining healthy and radiant skin. The condition of our skin reflects what goes inside our body. It is essential to be mindful of our consumption of white foods, such as refined flour, white sugar, and white salt, as they can cause the sebaceous glands to overproduce sebum, resulting in acne. Fried, processed, and junk foods should be avoided to combat acne. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and following a proper skincare routine is key to achieving healthy skin.”

Solutions or treatment

a. Over-the-Counter (OTC) products: OTC topical creams, gels, or cleansers containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or sulphur can help unclog pores and reduce acne.

b. Prescription medications: In severe cases, a dermatologist may prescribe topical or oral medications, such as retinols, antibiotics, or hormonal treatments.

c. Professional treatments: Dermatological procedures like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or laser therapy can aid in acne control and reduce acne scarring.

d. Lifestyle modifications: Stress reduction techniques, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help manage hormonal imbalances and promote healthy skin.

Teenage acne can be distressing, but understanding its causes and taking necessary precautions early can make a significant difference in managing and minimising breakouts. Adopt a healthy skincare routine, make lifestyle modifications, and consult a dermatologist for personalised advice. Remember, with patience and the right approach, teenage acne can be effectively addressed, supporting overall skin health and boosting self-confidence.