Designing life, defining futures

Synthetic biology is an exciting and rapidly growing field that combines biology, engineering, chemistry, and computer science to design and build new biological systems. Instead of only studying how living organisms work, synthetic biology goes a step further; it allows scientists to redesign existing organisms or create entirely new biological parts to solve real-world problems.

At its core, synthetic biology works on the idea that living cells can be programmed, much like computers. Scientists use standardized biological “parts” such as genes, enzymes, and DNA sequences and assemble them to perform specific functions. These engineered organisms can produce medicines, clean pollutants, improve agriculture, or even generate sustainable fuels.

One of the most impactful applications of synthetic biology is in healthcare. It has enabled the development of life-saving drugs, like insulin, vaccines, and antibiotics in a faster and more cost-effective way. Researchers are also working on engineered cells that can detect and kill cancer cells or diagnose diseases from within the body. In agriculture, synthetic biology helps create crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and climate stress, ensuring food security for a growing global population.

Environmental sustainability is another major area where synthetic biology is making a difference. Scientists are designing microbes that can break down plastic waste, absorb carbon dioxide, or clean oil spills. These innovations offer eco-friendly alternatives to traditional industrial processes, supporting a greener planet.

According to Ashmita Rudra, an alumna from Apeejay School, Kharghar, “For school and college students, synthetic biology opens up a wide range of career opportunities. Students interested in biology, biotechnology, engineering, data science, or chemistry can find a place in this interdisciplinary field. Career paths include synthetic biologist, bioengineer, genetic engineer, research scientist, bioinformatics expert, and regulatory affairs specialist. Beyond laboratories, opportunities also exist in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental science, healthcare startups, and policy-making bodies.”

To build a career in synthetic biology, students can begin by strengthening their foundation in biology, mathematics, and computer science at school level, she addede. “At the college level, degrees in biotechnology, bioengineering, life sciences, or molecular biology are ideal. Many universities and research institutions now offer specialized courses and internships in synthetic biology, giving students hands-on experience,” she said in conclusion.