World Wildlife Conservation Day: A call for action to protect our planet’s biodiversity

World Wildlife Conservation Day, celebrated on December 4 each year, is a global reminder of the importance of protecting our planet’s diverse species and ecosystems. The theme for 2024 focuses on Protecting Biodiversity for a Sustainable Future, emphasising the crucial role biodiversity plays in maintaining ecological balance, supporting human life, and sustaining the health of our planet.

Wildlife conservation is vital for preserving the beauty and uniqueness of our natural world and ensuring the stability of our ecosystems. Wildlife provides numerous ecological services like pollination, pest control, and water purification. Furthermore, many species play key roles in maintaining food chains and ensuring biodiversity, which is essential for the survival of all living organisms, including humans. Preserving wildlife also contributes to cultural heritage, scientific research, and ecotourism, benefiting economies globally.

Steps in wildlife conservation

Several steps are involved in wildlife conservation to combat the ongoing threats faced by wildlife, including habitat loss, poaching, climate change, and pollution. These steps include:

1.     Habitat Protection: Establishing national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and protected areas to preserve natural habitats.

2.     Wildlife Monitoring: Using technology and field research to track animal populations and behaviour, which helps in understanding their needs and potential threats.

3.     Legislation: Implementing laws and policies to protect endangered species and regulate hunting and trade.

4.     Public Awareness: Educating communities about the importance of wildlife and the impact of their activities on ecosystems.

5.     Sustainable Practices: Promoting sustainable farming, fishing, and forestry practices to reduce human impact on the environment.

Sanctions, rules, and regulations

Wildlife protection is enforced through various international and national regulations. Prominent regulations include the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which aims to prevent the illegal trade of threatened species. Countries implement laws that prohibit the hunting or capture of endangered species, often imposing heavy fines or imprisonment for violators. The Wildlife Protection Act in India, for example, protects animals from poaching and illegal trade, and various wildlife protection policies globally regulate land use and pollution levels.

Animals on the brink of extinction

Many species are currently at risk of extinction due to human activities. Some notable species on the endangered list include:

1.     Amur Leopard: With fewer than 100 individuals left in the wild, this solitary predator is threatened by habitat loss and poaching.

2.     Javan Rhino: The Javan rhino population has been reduced to a single population in Indonesia, making them one of the most endangered species.

3.     Vaquita: This small marine mammal found in the Gulf of California is critically endangered, with less than 10 individuals remaining due to bycatch in illegal gillnets.

4.     Sumatran Orangutan: Habitat destruction from palm oil plantations and poaching has left the Sumatran orangutan on the brink of extinction.

5.     Amur Tiger: Known for their solitary nature and striking orange coats, they face threats from poaching, habitat fragmentation, and a shrinking prey base.