The renowned Roman philosopher and theologian, St Augustine once said, “The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.” This quote beautifully resonates with the spirit of World Tourism Day as every corner of the globe is a page which narrates its unique tale of history. This annual celebration, observed on September 27, underscores the importance of exploring the full narrative of our world and encourages individuals to flip through the pages of this global book, exploring diverse cultures, traditions, cuisines, and landscapes.
World Tourism Day was initiated by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and has been celebrated yearly since its inception in 1980. The UNWTO selects a host country and a theme for the celebration every year. Largely, select themes serve as a focal point for discussions, events, and initiatives. This year, the official festivities for World Tourism Day will be hosted by Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the theme “Tourism and Green Investment”.
The day catalyses increased awareness and visitation of archeological and world heritage sites, leading to their preservation and protection. Moreover, increased visitation generates revenue that can be reinvested in site maintenance and conservation efforts. The exposure these sites gain through tourism fosters a sense of responsibility among governments and communities to protect their cultural and natural treasures.
In light of this vibrant occasion, let’s first understand the process of how a place becomes a World Heritage Site:
· Nomination: The host country nominates the site for consideration.
· Expert Evaluation: Experts assess the site’s cultural, historical, or natural significance.
· Recommendation: Experts’ recommendations are submitted to the World Heritage Committee.
· Decision: The Committee decides whether to grant World Heritage status.
· Legal Protection: Designated sites receive international legal protection.
· Management: Ongoing management and conservation efforts are required.
· Periodic Reporting: Sites are regularly assessed to ensure their preservation.
Cool, isn’t it? In the vibrant tapestry of India’s rich heritage, there are numerous historical sites. Do you know about these five?
>> Shree Harmandir Sahib, Punjab (Golden Temple)
The Golden Temple, or Shri Harmandir Sahib, in Amritsar, Punjab, is a stunning blend of Mughal and Sikh architecture. Founded by Guru Ram Das in the 16th century, it’s a central place of Sikh worship, housing the Guru Granth Sahib. With its golden exterior reflected in the Amrit Sarovar, it’s a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of Sikh heritage, drawing visitors worldwide.
Restoration
In 1984, the Golden Temple was tragically involved in Operation Blue Star, a military operation. The temple complex suffered damage but was later restored to its former glory. Now, it is one of the most significant tourist attractions in India.
>> Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra
Hidden in the rugged landscape of Maharashtra, the Ajanta Caves hold ancient Buddhist art and history dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE. These 29 rock-cut caves, adorned with detailed murals and sculptures, are a testament to spiritual significance and artistic brilliance. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ajanta Caves provide a captivating window into India’s cultural and religious heritage. Visitors can delve into vivid frescoes and intricate details that have endured for remarkably connecting with the past.
Restoration
Ajanta Caves face erosion, humidity, and human damage but continue to be a testament to India’s rich heritage The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) manages ongoing conservation, employing advanced methods for preserving delicate frescoes and sculptures.
>> Humayun’s Tomb, New Delhi
Humayun’s Tomb, situated in Delhi, India, is a 16th-century architectural masterpiece. Empress Bega Begum, the widow of Mughal Emperor Humayun, commissioned its construction, and it was designed by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas. This mausoleum’s architecture, blended with Persian and Indian influences. Its red sandstone and white marble construction, set within a magnificent garden, embodies Mughal opulence. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Humayun’s Tomb is a testament to India’s rich cultural heritage and architectural brilliance.
Restoration
The restoration and conservation efforts in the 20th century played a crucial role in preserving Humayun’s Tomb. These efforts were led by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, in partnership with various organizations and the Indian government.
>> Victoria Terminus, Maharashtra
Victoria Terminus, now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT), is a historic Mumbai railway station designed by British architect Frederick William Stevens. Completed in 1888 to commemorate Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee, it showcases Victorian Gothic and Indian architectural fusion with soaring arches and intricate carvings. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2004, CSMT is an iconic symbol of Mumbai’s heritage and colonial legacy.
Restoration
Ongoing restoration work at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CST) focuses on preserving its architectural beauty and historical value. This includes cleaning, repairing intricate carvings, conserving stained glass, and revitalising the iconic dome. These efforts safeguard CST’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Mumbai’s heritage.
>> Red Fort, New Delhi
The Red Fort in Old Delhi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built in the mid-17th century during Emperor Shah Jahan’s rule. Designed by Ustad Ahmad Lahori, it’s a stunning example of Mughal architecture with red sandstone walls and intricate marble details. As a former residence of Mughal emperors and the site where India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, marked independence in 1947, it’s a symbol of India’s rich heritage and freedom struggle.
Restoration
The Red Fort underwent a significant restoration process after its privatisation in 2019. This renovation has not only revitalised its grandeur but also enhanced the glory of this architectural marvel. The meticulous efforts invested in its preservation have breathed new life into the fort, ensuring that its historical and cultural significance continues to shine brightly.
It is important to remember that World Heritage Sites are not just monuments; they are living repositories of history and culture. On World Tourism Day, we celebrate their profound connection to global travel. These sites draw tourists into a world of wonder, embodying the essence of exploration and connection. Therefore, the day emphasises responsible and sustainable tourism, highlighting the need to protect these treasures for future generations. As travellers visit these sites, they become part of a global community of explorers, contributing to local economies and the preservation of these invaluable gems.
