Mangoes, often hailed as the “king of fruits,” offer more than just their delightful taste; they have been a cornerstone of traditional medicine for centuries. Celebrated globally for their rich flavour and medicinal properties, mangoes are now the subject of modern scientific exploration. As Dr. Monika Anand, Head of the Department of Home Science at Apeejay College of Fine Arts in Jalandhar, explained, “Mangoes are not only delicious but also packed with nutrients that have been valued in traditional medicine for their healing properties. The richness of mangoes extends beyond taste to health benefits that modern science continues to uncover.”
Let’s delve into how mangoes have been utilised in traditional medicine and explore their impressive health benefits.
Mangoes in Traditional Medicine
Ayurveda:
In Ayurveda, mangoes, known as “Aamra,” are treasured for their ability to balance the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Traditionally, mangoes have been used to address digestive issues, respiratory problems, and skin disorders. Scientific studies support these traditional uses; for instance, research indicates that mango leaf extracts can significantly reduce inflammation, aligning with Ayurveda’s therapeutic claims.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM):
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, mangoes are valued for their ability to clear heat and quench thirst. They are used to treat conditions such as dry cough, constipation, and indigestion. Mango seeds and bark are also utilised to manage bleeding disorders and dental issues. These practices are supported by TCM’s holistic approach, which emphasises the balance of bodily functions and the use of natural remedies.
African Traditional Medicine:
Across various African cultures, different parts of the mango tree are employed for their medicinal properties. The bark and leaves are commonly used to treat malaria, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Studies have validated these uses, highlighting mango extracts’ antimicrobial effects and their effectiveness in wound healing.
Medicinal Properties of Mangoes
Antioxidants:
Mangoes are rich in antioxidants such as quercetin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, and gallic acid. These compounds help combat oxidative stress and inflammation, which are linked to chronic diseases and ageing.
Vitamins and Minerals:
Mangoes are an excellent source of vitamins A and C, crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system, skin, and vision. They also provide folate, vitamin E, and several B vitamins, along with potassium and magnesium, supporting overall health.
Digestive Enzymes:
Mangoes contain digestive enzymes like amylases that break down complex carbohydrates into sugars, aiding digestion and preventing gastrointestinal issues.
Fibre:
High in dietary fibre, mangoes help regulate bowel movements, prevent constipation, and promote a healthy gut.
Health Benefits of Mangoes
Boosts Immunity:
The vitamin C content in mangoes enhances the immune system, helping the body to fight off infections.
Promotes Skin Health:
The combination of vitamin A and antioxidants in mangoes contributes to healthy, glowing skin, helping to prevent dryness and reduce signs of ageing.
Supports Heart Health:
Mangoes’ potassium and magnesium content helps regulate blood pressure, while fibre assists in reducing cholesterol levels, supporting cardiovascular health.
Aids in Weight Management:
Despite their sweetness, mangoes are low in calories and high in fibre, making them a filling and nutritious option for weight management.
Improves Digestion:
The digestive enzymes, fibre, and high water content in mangoes promote a healthy digestive system and help prevent constipation.
Enhances Vision:
Vitamin A and beta-carotene in mangoes are vital for maintaining good eyesight and preventing age-related macular degeneration.
History Behind Mango Names and Their Key Features
Dr. Anand reflects on the diverse and rich heritage of mangoes: “National Mango Day is a celebration of the fruit’s extraordinary taste and its various health benefits. Mangoes come in many varieties, each with unique flavours and benefits.”
Chaunsa Mango:
Origin: Named after Sher Shah Suri’s victory celebration in Chausa, this mango is renowned for its exceptional sweetness and juicy, fibrous pulp.
Key Features: Chaunsa mangoes have a rich golden-yellow colour when ripe, are high in vitamins C and A, and are often enjoyed in desserts and beverages.
Anwar Ratol Mango:
Origin: This variety originates from Ratol, Uttar Pradesh, India, and was named after Anwar-ul-Haq who propagated it.
Key Features: Anwar Ratol mangoes are known for their sweet flavour, small size, and smooth texture. They are rich in vitamins B and C and are highly prized for their aroma and taste.
Langra Mango:
Origin: Named “Langra” meaning “lame” in Hindi, after a farmer in Varanasi who first cultivated it.
Key Features: Langra mangoes have a tangy-sweet flavour and a greenish skin even when ripe. They are rich in dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals, making them excellent for digestive health and immunity.
Dasheri Mango:
Origin: Named after the village of Dasheri in Uttar Pradesh, where it was first grown in the 18th century.
Key Features: Dasheri mangoes are elongated, with a sweet taste and smooth texture. They are packed with essential nutrients like vitamins A, C, and E, supporting eye health, skin health, and overall well-being.
So, this National Mango Day, celebrate not just the taste but also the incredible health benefits and rich history of mangoes. Enjoy this versatile fruit in its various forms and remember—moderation is key, as ripe mangoes have a higher sugar content compared to other fruits.